Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Backbone with Nonpolar Polyisobutylene Branches

The novel amphiphilic graft copolymers with hydrophilic hard polar hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC) backbone and hydrophobic soft nonpolar polyisobutylene(PIB) branches have been successfully synthesized through nucleophilic substitution reaction of living PIB chains carrying oxonium ions with the-OH groups along HPC backbone. The PIB branch length in the graft copolymers could be designed by living cationic polymerization and the grafting density could be adjusted by PIB~+/-OH molar ratio. The living PIB chains carrying oxonium ion were prepared by transformation of allyl bromide end groups in the presence of AgClO_4 and silver nanoparticles(3.2±0.3 nm, 0.7 wt%-1.8 wt%)generated in situ from AgBr. The phase-separation morphology was formed in the graft copolymers due to their incompatibility between backbone and branches. The hydrophilicity on the surface of graft copolymer films could be turned to hydrophobicity by increasing grafting density or/and length of PIB branches. The soft PIB segments in graft copolymers provided an unique surface via self-assembly for anti-protein adsorption against bovine serum albumin. A small amount of Ag nanoparticles in the copolymers contributed to good antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli.     

BiVO4/TiO2 heterojunction with rich oxygen vacancies for enhanced electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction

The large-scale production of ammonia mainly depends on the Haber–Bosch process, which will lead to the problems of high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. Electrochemical nitrogen fixation is considered to be an environmental friendly and sustainable process, but its efficiency largely depends on the activity and stability of the catalyst. Therefore, it is imperative to develop highefficient electrocatalysts in the field of nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). In this paper, we developed a BiVO₄/TiO₂ nanotube (BiVO₄/TNT) heterojunction composite with rich oxygen vacancies as an electrocatalytic NRR catalyst. The heterojunction interface and oxygen vacancy of BiVO₄/TNT can be the active site of N₂ dynamic activation and proton transition. The synergistic effect of TiO₂ and BiVO₄ shortens the proton transport path and reduces the over potential of chemical reaction. BiVO₄/TNT has high ammonia yield of 8.54 μg·h⁻¹·cm⁻² and high Faraday efficiency of 7.70% in −0.8 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ solution.     

基于电化学发光和阻抗技术研究DNA单碱基错配

单碱基错配的识别和稳定性差异在核酸多态性研究中至关重要。在同一电化学传感器平台上，采用电化学发光（ECL）和电化学阻抗（EIS）2种技术，协同研究DNA链中不同类型和不同位点的单碱基错配识别和稳定性差异。电极表面具有茎环构象的探针DNA与完全互补DNA、不同类型或不同位点单碱基错配DNA杂交前后的ECL和EIS信号强度变化有显著差异。信号强度变化可揭示单碱基错配识别的稳定性。结果表明，DNA链中心位点的C-A单碱基错配稳定性低于链两端的，靠近键合电极表面双链链端的C-A单碱基错配稳定性低于非键合电极表面双链链端的，同一中心位点C-X碱基对的稳定性顺序为C-G?C-T>C-A≥C-C。研究结果可为核酸多态性研究提供参考。     

Synchronization mechanism of clapping rhythms in mutual interacting individuals

In recent years, clapping synchronization between individuals has been widely studied as one of the typical synchronization phenomena. In this paper, we aim to reveal the synchronization mechanism of clapping interactions by observing two individuals’ clapping rhythms in a series of experiments. We find that the two synchronizing clapping rhythm series exhibit long-range cross-correlations(LRCCs);that is, the interaction of clapping rhythms can be seen as a strong-anticipation process. Previous studies have demonstrated that the interactions in local timescales or global matching in statistical structures of fluctuation in long timescales can be sources of the strong-anticipation process. However, the origin of the strong anticipation process often appears elusive in many complex systems. Here, we find that the clapping synchronization process may result from the local interaction between two clapping individuals and may result from the more global coordination between two clapping individuals. We introduce two stochastic models for mutually interacting clapping individuals that generate the LRCCs and prove theoretically that the generation of clapping synchronization process needs to consider both local interaction and global matching. This study provides a statistical framework for studying the internal synchronization mechanism of other complex systems. Our theoretical model can also be applied to study the dynamics of other complex systems with the LRCCs, including finance, transportation, and climate.     

Rate sensitivity and deformation mechanism of semi-crystalline polymers during instrumented indentation

Instrumented indentation tests using both constant loading rate (CLR) and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) operation modes were performed to investigate the deformation mechanism and their sensitivity to the deformation rate in semi-crystalline polymers through the quantitative analysis of load-depth loading and unloading curves. The strain rate was constant during the CSM tests, while the strain rate decreased with the increasing of loading time in CLR tests. The mechanical response mechanism of the semi-crystalline polymers to these tests was very complicated because of the combined effects of strain-hardening in the crystal phase and strain-softening in the amorphous phase. Results show that the loading index m reflects the strain-hardening or strain-softening response during indentation. When m > 2, the mechanical response was due to the strain-hardening, and when m < 2, the response was due to strain-softening. A method based on the measured contact hardness was proposed to obtain the unloading stiffness, and the other mechanical parameters could then be determined according to the unloading stiffness.     

Quantifying the quantumness of ensembles via generalized α-z-relative rényi entropy

International Journal of Theoretical Physics - Quantifying the quantumness of ensembles is a vital and practical task in quantum information theory. In this paper, we quantify the quantumness of...     

Cycloparaphenylene and their radicals anchored to a metal−organic framework

Cycloparaphenylene (CPP) shows modulated photophysical and electronic properties due to its strained structure and radially oriented π-electron system. Incorporation of CPP into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could transfer its extensive properties in solution to porous solids. Moreover, with the unique arrangement of the macrocycles and their interactions with the framework, emerging characteristics are anticipated. As an example of “robust dynamics”, we synthesized the first MOF structure (FDM-1001) with CPP precisely anchored to the ordered framework by employing a [8]CPP-containing linear dicarboxylate linker. Metric relationship between the dynamic macrocycles and the robust backbone creates ideal π-π interactions between them, which leads to an essentially directional arrangement of [8]CPP in the three-dimensional space. Furthermore, the MOF with [8]CPP could be successfully oxidized to generate an infinite array of radicals that show enhanced air stability compared to its molecular analogue.     

Electrodeposited molybdenum-doped Co3O4 nanosheet arrays for high-performance and stable hybrid supercapacitors

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Long-cycle stability and high-energy density are big challenges for developing high-performance hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) electrode materials. In this...     

基于错位格雷码的动态三维形貌测量方法

格雷码辅助相移技术可以实现具有较强鲁棒性与抗噪能力的三维（3D）形貌测量。为解决由待测物体不均匀的表面反射率、噪声和物体运动等因素造成的级次边沿误码问题，提出了一种基于错位格雷码的动态3D形貌测量方法。将传统格雷码图案在投影前预先移动半个条纹周期得到错位格雷码图案，再采用传统格雷码解码方法对二值化后的错位格雷码图案解码，可得到与截断相位完全错开的解码结果。对该解码结果进行修正后即可利用得到的正确的相位级次辅助截断相位成功展开。同时，为了提高测量精度，引入了一个虚拟相位平面以进一步拓展投影条纹周期数。实验结果表明，所提方法在使用N帧格雷码图案的情况下，可以编码周期数为2^N+1的投影条纹进行3D测量，其无需任何附加图案即可避免级次边沿误码问题，并有效提升了测量精度。复杂动态场景的3D重建结果证明，所提方法能够以2381 frame/s的速率实现高精度、高效率和高速的3D形貌测量。     

Preclinical development of a novel [68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-labeled agent for PSMA-targeted imaging and therapy

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiolabeled agents have been developed to diagnose and treat prostate cancer. In this study,...